37 results
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
and Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Evidence of glomerular ... → Refer to Nephrology ... cystoscopy • Refer to Nephrology ... if cause not identified
Causes of Metabolic Acidosis - Gap and Non-Gap - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Elevated Anion Gap
Causes of Metabolic ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... AnionGap #NonGap #Nephrology ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... : plasma renin activity ... aldosteronism #Metabolic ... #Nephrology #Causes
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... inversely related to glomerular ... rate by tubulo-glomerular ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... Pathophysiology #Nephrology
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Drugs Glomerular ... albuminuria) - Active ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology ... #Causes
Secondary Causes of Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertension - BP > 140/90 (>130/80 for DM)
Hypertensive urgency
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Steroids (Cushing's, exogenous ... Unilateral RAS Metabolic ... HTN #Secondary #Nephrology ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
the patient have glomerular ... hematuria (RBC casts ... Syndrome #Comparison #Algorithm ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Urine Output > 3L /day
Water Diuresis (Urine Osm <100 mOsm/kg)
 • Primary
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Azotemia • Exogenous ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Pseudo-hyperaldosteronism: exogenous ... differential #diagnosis #algorithm ... #causes #nephrology
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
red - cells Non-glomerular ... Dysmorphic red cells - Glomerular ... Diagnostic of glomerular ... crystals may indicate metabolic ... key #diagnosis #nephrology