5862 results
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia 
 • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren)
 • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
Succinylcholine) • Exogenous ... #differential #diagnosis ... #pharmacology #potassium
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis ... Pseudo-hyperaldosteronism: exogenous ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #causes #low #potassium
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
- Differential Diagnosis ... Pseudo-hyperaldosteronism: exogenous ... #differential #diagnosis ... causes #nephrology #potassium
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
: Differential Diagnosis ... ectopic ACTH) • Exogenous ... other • Severe potassium ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Hypercortisolism (Cushing syndrome) - Simplified Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Exogenous (ACTH-independent)
Endogenous
 • ACTH-dependent:
    - ACTH-secreting
Simplified Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Exogenous ... ACTH-independent) Endogenous ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Fever - Pyrogen Pathophysiology

EXOGENOUS PYROGEN
 • Bacteria: Lipopolysaccharide components, peptidoglycans and muramyl peptide derivatives, Toxins
 •
Pathophysiology EXOGENOUS ... components Exogenous ... proinflammatory mediators (endogenous ... , IFN, IL-6 ENDOGENOUS ... organs CNS - Endogenous
Workup for Hyperphosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hyperphosphatemia: paraproteinemia, hyperlipidemia, hemolysis, hyperbilirubinemia, liposomal amphotericin
- Differential Diagnosis ... Phosphate Load: • Exogenous ... Fosphenytoin • Endogenous ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Hypoglycemia - Evaluation Algorithm
Interpreting Hypoglycemia Labs - the patient must be hypoglycemic at the time of
Proinsulin - Is it endogenous ... → Exogenous Insulin ... Algorithm #workup #diagnosis
Staging of Skin Mottling

Mottling is less sensitive, but more specific for hypoperfusion and elevated mortality (figure
suggests active endogenous ... not additional exogenous ... Staging #Clinical #Diagnosis
Exogenous Testosterone Side Effects
 • Mood disorder, Depression, Aggression
 • ↑ Erythropoiesis
 • Hypogonadism +/-BPH, prostate
Exogenous Testosterone ... BrighamChiefs #Exogenous ... SideEffects #adverse #diagnosis