FTT radiology positive physicalexam neurology benign abnormal diagnosis nephrology differential potassium urine hypokalemia metabolic k gitelman

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Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+

Urine K+ <13 mEq ... #urine #potassium ... #differential # ... algorithm #diagnosis ... #nephrology

Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked

A urine K/Cr ratio ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... #diagnosis #Algorithm ... #differential # ... potassium #nephrology

Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
• Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
• Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract

Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology

Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K

- Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Bartter's syndrome, Gitelman's ... #causes #nephrology ... #potassium

Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome

alkalosis • Normal ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #nephrology #management

Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
• High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
• High Al, High

Hypokalemia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Bartter's syndrome, Gitelman's ... #nephrology #causes ... #low #potassium

Gitelman Syndrome - Diagnosis and Workup
Blood Work:
- Hypokalemia
- Hypomagnesemia
- Metabolic Alkalosis
- Elevated

Blood Work: - Hypokalemia ... Hypomagnesemia - Metabolic ... Urine Testing: ... Inappropriate renal K+ ... #Workup #nephrology

Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
• Kidney loss of Cl-

Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... of sodium and potassium ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential # ... diagnosis

Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,

Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... lysis) ± Urine ... #Diagnosis #Management ... #Treatment #potassium ... #nephrology #K

Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
• Gastric alkalosis:

Alkalosis: Differential ... Diagnosis ECF ... furosemide-like lesion) • Gitelman ... other • Severe potassium ... #nephrology

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