21 results
Causes of Abnormal PT and/or aPTT
Prolonged Prothrombin Time (PT)
1. Acquired deficiency of FVII
Causes of Abnormal ... deficiency of FVII ... Pre-analytical cause ... aPTT #Prolonged #Causes ... #differential #hematology
Differential Diagnosis for a Prolonged PT and aPTT
If the PT and the aPTT are both prolonged,
Causes include : ... Pre-analytical cause ... , FVII, FIX, FX ... production Fll, FV, FVII ... #differential #hematology
Elevated Liver Enzymes - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Severe ALT > 15x ULN
 • Viral
 • Drugs/Toxins
 •
Severe ALT > 15x ULN ... Moderate ALT 5-15x ULN ... Mild ALT < 5x ULN ... Others #LFTs #Hepatology ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Childhood Immunization Schedule: Why we immunize
 • Diphtheria Toxin -> URT inflammation causes pseudomembrane with hardened
URT inflammation causes ... replicates within CNS ... invade URT & via hematologic ... induces vascular & CNS ... CNS and hematologic
Liver Enzymes (LFTs) - Causes of Hepatocellular and Cholestatic Liver Injury
Hepatocellular Liver Injury
 • AST/ALT elevation
Enzymes (LFTs) - Causes ... value = (ALT + ULN ... phosphatase + ULN ... #differential #hepatology
Multiple Myeloma and Monoclonal Gammopathies
C - HyperCalcemia- calcium > 11 mg/dL / >1 mg/dL the ULN
R
/ >1 mg/dL the ULN ... Causes of false- ... amyloidosis Other causes ... MGUS #diagnosis #hematology
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) Overview

Increased Clotting and Consumption of Clotting Factors

Findings:
 • Bleeding
 • Recent history
levels of factors VII ... Thromboembolism (7%) • CNS ... Treat primary cause ... Coagulation #diagnosis #causes ... treatment #management #hematology
CNS Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Clinical Manifestations: Demyelinating Syndrome, Headache, Movement disorders, Seizure disorders, Aseptic
CNS Manifestations ... autoantibodies that will cause ... Erythematosus #SLE #CNS ... #neurology #rheumatology
Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy (AFLP)
Pathophysiology:
 • Defect in fetal free fatty acid metabolism products →
= nonspecific (nausea ... AST/ALT (5-10x ULN ... Liver #Pregnancy #hepatology
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
intralobular bile ducts causes ... • ALP > 1.5 x ULN ... diagnosis #workup #hepatology