55 results
Osteoporosis: Pathogenesis and risk factors

 • Age > 30 (post-peak bone mass)
 • Post-menopausal women ->
Osteoporosis: Pathogenesis ... 30 (post-peak bone ... Decr estrogen • Bone ... #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Vertebral Body Abnormalities

A sheet of common (and uncommon) vertebral body findings, because a completely “normal” spine
uncommon) vertebral body ... Neurofibromatosis Type I Osteopetrosis ... Hyperparathyroidism Paget ... Sclerotic Mets Bone ... Schmorl Node Osteopetrosis
Diagram of different types of bone tumors that can occur around the knee on XRay -
different types of bone ... involucrum • Paget ... lytic-blastic phase • Paget ... blade of grass sign ... ) • Enostosis/bone
Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

 • Negative feedback on hypothalamus/pituitary, Decreasing ACTH -> Decr Sex
Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis ... -> Reduced Bone ... Formation, Increased Bone ... #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Gaucher Disease 

Pathophsiology
 • Lysosomal storage disorder
 • Deficiency of ß-glucocerebrosidase
• Accumulation of glucosylceramide in macrophages
Diagnosis
Gaucher Disease Pathophsiology ... Osteonecrosis, bone ... infarcts, osteoporosis ... Disease #Diagnosis #Signs
Diagram of different types of bone tumors that can occur around the knee on XRay
Age <
different types of bone ... • Aneurysmal bone ... involucrum • Paget ... lytic-blastic phase • Paget ... blade of grass sign
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): Musculoskeletal Manifestations

 • Immune Complex Deposition
    - Arthralgia, Arthritis
Weakness, Incr CK • Bone ... Normal CK • Osteoporosis ... Complications #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Symptoms: Commonly no signs ... Fragile bones/osteoporosis ... easily/weakness, Bone ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Pathologic / Fragility Fractures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm 
Tumours
 - See Bone Lesions Scheme
Paget's Disease
 -
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Tumours - See Bone ... Deficiency Primary Osteoporosis ... Elderly Secondary Osteoporosis ... Gastrointestinal Disease • Bone
Prader-Willi Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Maternal uniparental disomy: inheriting 2 copies of maternal chromosome
Prader-Willi Syndrome Signs ... Infertility • Decr Bone ... mineral density and osteoporosis ... Syndrome #genetics #pathophysiology