826 results
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)
Pathophysiology: Triggering factor (infection,...)→Activation of CD8 T cells (IFN-y) → Excessive activation of macrophages
Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH ... ) Pathophysiology ... dysfunction, ↑ Ferritin ... • Familial HLH ... XLP) Acquired HLH
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)
Clinical Features: Fever, Splenomegaly, Hepatomegaly, Lymphadenopathy, Confusion
Classic lab findings in HLH: ↑↑ ferritin, Anemia,
Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH ... lab findings in HLH ... : ↑↑ ferritin, Anemia ... consistent with HLH ... cell lines) • ↑ ferritin
Diagnostic Schema for Hyperferritinemia

Pearl: Diseases associated with extreme elevations: 
1. HLH 
2. Still's disease 
3. Systemic
HLH 2. ... histoplasmosis #Ferritin
Causes of Hyperferritinemia - Differential Diagnosis
Ferritin > 1000
Ferritin is the storage form of iron. Increased hepcidin
Differential Diagnosis Ferritin ... > 1000 Ferritin ... hepcidin prevents ferritin ... HLH or Adult Onset ... In adults, HLH is
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)
Definition: Overwhelming clinical syndrome associated with excessive macrophage activation and cytokine storm due to
Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH ... / Diagnosis: HLH ... cell activity • Ferritin ... If no response HLH ... TheIDtrivia #HLH
Iron Panel Interpretation

Iron deficiency - ↓ Iron, ↑-nl Transferrin / TIBC, ↓ Transferrin Saturation,  ↓
Saturation, ↓ Ferritin ... Saturation, ↑-nl Ferritin ... Saturation, ↓-↑-nl Ferritin ... Saturation, ↑-nl Ferritin
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis - Pathophysiology
Environmental Risk Factors: Geographic location, Smoking, Microbial triggers, Xenobiotics, Nail polish
Epigentics Risk
Biliary Cirrhosis - Pathophysiology ... Risk Factors: HLA ... variants, Non-HLA ... relative with PBC Pathophysiology ... Biliary #Cirrhosis #Pathophysiology
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Heart Failure Pathophysiology ... Diagnosis: Ferritin ... absolute ID) OR Ferritin
Macrophage Activation Syndrome (MAS)
Classified among the secondary or acquired forms of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH)

What?
A subset of
lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH ... lymphohistiocytosis (HLH ... hypersensitivity syndromes • HLH ... dehydrogenase • ↑ Ferritin
Iron Deficiency in Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

Iron deficiency (ID) in heart failure is a common comorbidity
Diagnosis: • Ferritin ... < 100 ng/mL OR Ferritin ... #pharmacology #pathophysiology