260 results
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... increased bone Ca2+ resorption ... increased GI Ca2+ absorption ... Hypercalcemia #Causes
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Miscellaneous - Bone Resorption ... - Calcium Reabsorption ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
The Pathophysiology of Fat Absorption and Causes of Malabsorption (steatorrhoea)

#Fat #Malabsorption #Pathophysiology #Differential #Steatorrhea #Diarrhea #Diagnosis
Pathophysiology of Fat Absorption ... and Causes of Malabsorption
The following table from MacGregor (1997) summarizes the bioavailability of many commonly used antibiotics:
#EBM #Pharmacology #InfectiousDiseases
#Antibiotics #Absorption ... Bioavailability #Table #first10em
Causes of Hypermagnesemia
Increased magnesium load
 - Magnesium-containing laxatives, antacids, or enemas
 - Treatment of pre-edampsia/eclampsia (mothers
Causes of Hypermagnesemia ... renal magnesium absorption ... Hypermagnesemia #Causes
Causes of Hyperferritinemia - Differential Diagnosis
Ferritin > 1000
Ferritin is the storage form of iron. Increased hepcidin
Causes of Hyperferritinemia ... increased GI absorption ... Most Common Causes ... 1% Most Common Causes ... is an uncommon cause
Major Segments of the Nephron and their Functions 
 - Glomerulus - Formation of glomerular filtrate
tubule (PCT) - Reabsorption ... Isosmotic reabsorption ... Secretion and reabsorption ... organic acids and bases ... loop - Passive reabsorption
Causes of Iron Deficiency
 • Diet: ↓ Intake, e.g. vegan, Malnutrition, Polyphenol / tannins, ↓ Vitamin
Causes of Iron Deficiency ... Vitamin C • ↓ Absorption ... Iron #Deficiency #Causes
Causes of Iron Deficiency
 • Inadequate Intake: Vegetarian/vegan diet, Malnutrition
 • Increased Body Needs: Infants/preschoolers, Pregnancy,
Causes of Iron Deficiency ... Steroids • Reduced absorption ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Folate Deficiency - Causes of Decreased Folic Acid
↓ Intake: Diet, Age, Alcohol
↑ Demand: Pregnancy, Infancy, Hemolysis,
Folate Deficiency - Causes ... Severe dermatitis ↓ Absorption