27 results
Patterns of pulmonary dysfunction revealed by flow-volume loops. For comparison, a normal loop is shown with
by flow-volume loops ... comparison, a normal loop ... #Diagnosis #PFTs ... #Spirometry #FlowVolume ... #Loops #Patterns
Pulmonary Function Testing: Flow Volume Loop Patterns
 • Variable extra-thoracic obstruction - truncated or flattened inspiratory
Pulmonary Function ... Testing: Flow Volume Loop ... nickmmark #FlowVolume ... #Loops #pulmonary ... #PFTs #patterns
Flow Volume Loops - Common Patterns
A. Normal
B. Emphysema
C. Unilateral Main Stem Bronchial Obstruction
D. Fixed Upper Airway
Flow Volume Loops ... #Diagnosis #PFTs ... #Spirometry #FlowVolume ... #Loops #Patterns
Pulmonary Function Test (PFT) Interpretation Algorithm

Approach to PFTs:
1) Look at Flow-Volume Loop if available
2) FEV1/FVC <
Pulmonary Function ... Algorithm Approach ... to PFTs: 1) Look ... at Flow-Volume Loop ... #Algorithm #diagnosis
Major Segments of the Nephron and their Functions 
 - Glomerulus - Formation of glomerular filtrate
Nephron and their Functions ... organic acids and bases ... limb of Henle's loop ... limb of Henle's loop ... Pathophysiology #Tubules #Table
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Causes of Metabolic ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Vomiting • NG suction ... • Diuretics (loop ... #Causes
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • HTN Absent: Loop ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium
Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI LOSS - FeMg < 2-2.5% or 24h Urine Mg
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Urine Mg > 10g • Loop ... Magnesium #Low #Causes ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Diplopia - Double Vision - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical Pearls:
 • Diplopia is almost always binocular.
 •
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Look for ptosis ... a mass as the cause ... Dislocation • Functional ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Tinnitus - Subjective (heard only by patient) - 90% - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unilateral On Audiogram -
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Metabolic Causes ... Propranolol, Levodopa, Loop ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes