21 results
Pulmonary Function Testing: Flow Volume Loop Patterns
 • Variable extra-thoracic obstruction - truncated or flattened inspiratory
Pulmonary Function ... Testing: Flow Volume Loop ... nickmmark #FlowVolume ... #Loops #pulmonary ... #PFTs #patterns
Pulmonary Function Test (PFT) Interpretation Algorithm

Approach to PFTs:
1) Look at Flow-Volume Loop if available
2) FEV1/FVC <
Pulmonary Function ... Algorithm Approach ... to PFTs: 1) Look ... at Flow-Volume Loop ... #Algorithm #diagnosis
Major Segments of the Nephron and their Functions 
 - Glomerulus - Formation of glomerular filtrate
Nephron and their Functions ... organic acids and bases ... limb of Henle's loop ... limb of Henle's loop ... Pathophysiology #Tubules #Table
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Causes of Metabolic ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Vomiting • NG suction ... • Diuretics (loop ... #Causes
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... • HTN Absent: Loop ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium
Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI LOSS - FeMg < 2-2.5% or 24h Urine Mg
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Urine Mg > 10g • Loop ... #Differential #
Diplopia - Double Vision - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical Pearls:
 • Diplopia is almost always binocular.
 •
Double Vision - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Look for ptosis ... Dislocation • Functional ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Tinnitus - Subjective (heard only by patient) - 90% - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unilateral On Audiogram -
patient) - 90% - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Metabolic Causes ... Propranolol, Levodopa, Loop ... #Causes
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Remote use of loop ... Vomiting/nasogastric suction ... #causes #urinary
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... Alkalosis: Differential ... • Thiazide or loop ... • Thiazide or loop ... reabsorption in loop