13 results
Causes of False Elevation and Reduction in HbA1c

== False Elevation ==
Decreased RBC turnover 
• Iron, B-12,
Causes of False ... Elevation and Reduction ... • Asplenia Laboratory ... HbA1c #HgbA1c #Laboratory ... Diagnosis #DM2 #Differential
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... - Differential ... ICU patients • Fever ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology ... #Differential #
TTP - Laboratory Evaluation for Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

Activity of von Willebrand factor-cleaving protease activity - A
TTP - Laboratory ... Mild-to-moderate decrease ... in most cases; ... Mild-to-moderate elevation ... WBC count and differential
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
Elevation, Lactic ... Acidosis - Differential ... - assess other laboratory ... muscle use • Decreased ... #Differential #
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential ... Management Summary Causes ... Muscle swelling - Fever ... ULN • AST/ALT Elevation ... vasoconstriction → decreased
Oncologic Emergencies - Differential Diagnosis Framework

HEMATOLOGIC ONCOLOGIC EMERGENCIES:
Hyperviscosity Syndrome:
 • Spontaneous bleeding
 • Shortness of breath
Emergencies - Differential ... of breath • Neurologic ... death Neutropenic Fever ... • Vomiting, decreased ... emergencies #oncology #differential
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
- Emergency Causes ... disturbances - decreased ... around the anus Laboratory ... #diagnosis #causes ... #neurology
CNS Infections - Viral Encephalitis and Bacterial Meningitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Viral Encephalitis:
MCC: Enteroviruses (e.g., coxsackievirus
Bacterial Meningitis - Differential ... • Headache • Fever ... /L) • Mildly decreased ... meningeal signs (fever ... #diagnosis #neurology
Bronchiectasis - Summary

What?
• Bronchiectasis is derived from the Greek words bronckos meaning airway and ectasis meaning
Chronic inflammation causes ... run-down or tired • Fevers ... Superimposed infection - increase ... Bronchoscopy Laboratory ... Bronchiectasis #pulmonary #differential
13 Dangerous Causes of Headache:
 - subarachnoid hemorrhage: family history, PCKD, known berry aneurysm, sudden and
13 Dangerous Causes ... coagulopathy, decreased ... CNS infection: fever ... thrombophilia, neurologic ... Dangerous #Deadly #Differential