11 results
Causes of False Elevation and Reduction in HbA1c

== False Elevation ==
Decreased RBC turnover 
• Iron, B-12,
Causes of False Elevation ... • Asplenia Laboratory ... HbA1c #HgbA1c #Laboratory ... #Diagnosis #DM2 ... #Differential
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Hypernatremia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... ICU patients • Fever ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology ... #Differential #
TTP - Laboratory Evaluation for Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

Activity of von Willebrand factor-cleaving protease activity - A
TTP - Laboratory ... activity is the diagnostic ... Mild-to-moderate decrease ... Mild-to-moderate elevation ... WBC count and differential
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Diagnosis Framework ... Muscle swelling - Fever ... ULN • AST/ALT Elevation ... vasoconstriction → decreased ... causes #treatment #nephrology
Elevated Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

LDH is a cytoplasmic enzyme present in tissues throughout
Dehydrogenase (LDH) - Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... myocarditis, rheumatic fever ... Idiosyncratic LDH Elevation ... #diagnosis #Laboratory
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
Diagnosis: • ... disturbances - decreased ... around the anus Laboratory ... #diagnosis #causes ... #neurology
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
Lactic Acidosis - Differential ... Diagnosis The ... - assess other laboratory ... muscle use • Decreased ... #Differential #
CNS Infections - Viral Encephalitis and Bacterial Meningitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Viral Encephalitis:
MCC: Enteroviruses (e.g., coxsackievirus
Bacterial Meningitis - Differential ... • Headache • Fever ... /L) • Mildly decreased ... meningeal signs (fever ... #diagnosis #neurology
Bronchiectasis - Summary

What?
• Bronchiectasis is derived from the Greek words bronckos meaning airway and ectasis meaning
run-down or tired • Fevers ... parenchyma Diagnosis ... Bronchoscopy Laboratory ... Bronchiectasis #pulmonary #differential ... #diagnosis
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
periodic paralysis Decreased ... , Heat stroke, Fever ... Hypokalemia #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology