11 results
Liver Function Test (LFTs) Elevation
AST - Cardiac and skeletal muscle, kidney, brain
ALT - More specific for
Liver Function Test ... specific for the liver ... SinaiBmoreIMRes #Liver ... #FunctionTest #
How dendritic cells (DCs) orchestrate adaptive immunity
1- Sensing of microbial and damage signals by DCs
2- Phenotypic
orchestrate adaptive immunity ... activation 3- DC ... DCs #adaptive #immunity ... #immunology #pathophysiology
Humoral Immunity - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Antigens (Ag) are produced from pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites)
Humoral Immunity ... present Ag to CD4 ... contribute to immunity ... cells are long-lived ... #pathophysiology
Chronic Hepatitis B - Diagnosis and Management Algorithm

• Who to treat: Essentially treat the pts with
• Monitor: CBC ... HAV immunity; Liver ... elastographv, liver ... Tx goal: Reduce liver ... • Liver is the
C.diff - Clostridioides Difficile Infection (CDI) - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

Clinical Presentation + Progression:
Difficile Infection (CDI ... Perforation) Pathophysiology ... post-ABx, but can be community-acquired ... x 10d • 1st CDI ... IDSA 2021 CDI
Malaria - Plasmodium Life Cycle
1) Mosquito takes a blood meal (injects sporozoites)
Human Liver Stages
2) Infected liver
sporozoites) Human Liver ... Stages 2) Infected liver ... lifecycle #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... infectiousdiseases #cdc
Echinococcus Life Cycle
1) Adult in small intestine eggs
2) Embryonated egg in feces
3) Oncosphere hatches; penetrates intestinal
organs (commonly liver ... LifeCycle #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... infectiousdiseases #cdc
Schistosoma Life Cycle - Schistosomiasis
1) Eggs shed from infected human: in feces, in urine
2) Eggs hatch
portal blood in liver ... circulate to the liver ... Schistosomiasis #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... infectiousdiseases #cdc
Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS) - Pathophysiology
Risk factors:
 - Low CD4 count
 - Disseminated OI
 -
Syndrome (IRIS) - Pathophysiology ... factors: - Low CD4 ... innate and acquired immunity ... Syndrome #IRIS #Pathophysiology
Fasciola hepatica - Liver Fluke Life Cycle - Fascioliasis 
Ruminants are the typical definitive hosts.
1) Unembroynated
Fasciola hepatica - Liver ... migrate though liver ... LifeCycle #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... infectiousdiseases #cdc