14 results
Liver Function Test (LFTs) Elevation
AST - Cardiac and skeletal muscle, kidney, brain
ALT - More specific for
Liver Function Test ... abnormality vs bone ... SinaiBmoreIMRes #Liver #FunctionTest ... LFTs #Elevation #Transaminitis
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Differential Diagnosis ... Miscellaneous - Bone ... Hyperthyroid, Bony ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Parathyroid gland function-related ... • Sarcoidosis (elevated ... #Causes #endocrinology ... #diagnosis #differential
Causes of Bone/Joint Pain in Sickle Cell Disease
Vaso-occlusive pain:
 • Mechanism: ischemic pain
 • Can present
Causes of Bone/Joint ... impaired splenic function ... • Differentiate ... vaso-occlusive pain w elevated ... #diagnosis #causes
Oncologic Emergencies - Differential Diagnosis Framework

HEMATOLOGIC ONCOLOGIC EMERGENCIES:
Hyperviscosity Syndrome:
 • Spontaneous bleeding
 • Shortness of breath
Emergencies - Differential ... sustained over a one-hour ... Hypercalcemia ... decline in mental function ... emergencies #oncology #differential
Hypercalcemia Evaluation
1) Clinical clues
 - Is the patient symptomatic?
 - Family history?
 - Have you done
Hypercalcemia Evaluation ... 1) Clinical clues ... - Have you done ... #workup #differential ... endocrinology #calcium #elevated
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
Most cases diagnosed ... severe mobility/functional ... intracranial pressure - Elevated ... Hyperlipidemia - Hypercalcemia ... Phosphatase: • Other causes
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
Redistribution:
 - IV glucose
 - Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis
 - IV hyperalimentation
 - Refeeding
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... metastasis (hungry bone ... - Nasogastric suction ... Hyperparathyroidism - Hypercalcemic ... #diagnosis #differential
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
Heat Stroke - Differential ... normal/mildly elevated ... Loss of muscle function ... - Hyperkalemia ... #diagnosis #causes
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
 • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... metastasis (hungry bone ... loss: Nasogastric suction ... Hyperparathyroidism, Hypercalcemic ... #differential #