15 results
Traditionally, congestive heart failure has been classified according to severity of symptoms, first formulated by the
Association, which is classes ... system to circulate blood ... #HeartFailure #Staging ... Classification #Stages #Classes ... #NYHA #ACCAHA
STAGES of CHF (A, B, C, D), however, describe the severity of structural abnormalities that impair
system to circulate blood ... flare ups that cause ... Cardiology #CHF #Congestive ... #HeartFailure #Staging ... #Stages #ACCAHA
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... phlebotomy High ... • Trauma/Crush injury ... Digoxin • K sparing ... diagnosis #causes
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... phlebotomy High ... • Trauma/Crush injury ... Digoxin • K sparing ... diagnosis #causes
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential ... Management Summary Causes ... Toxins - Drugs - Statins ... UA positive for blood ... Diagnosis #Management #causes
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary

Trauma:
 • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury
Exertional:
 •
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential ... Drugs (Statins), ... Dialysis for severe hyperkalemia ... Management #Summary #causes ... #treatment
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Loop Diuretics; High-Ceiling ... Kidney stones caused ... Heart Association class ... Prevention of blood ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment
Causes of Hyperkalemia
Pseudohyperkalemia
 - Tourniquet use
 - Hemolysis (in vitro)
 - Leukocytosis
 - Thrombocytosis
Intra- to extracellular
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Transfusion of aged blood ... Drugs—potassium-sparing ... #Causes #diagnosis ... #differential
Aortic Dissection Pearls
Aortic dissection is caused by a tear in the tunica intima, the innermost layer
dissection is caused ... Tearing/sharp/stabbing ... Assess for high ... Pulse deficit/differential ... ~60 • Control blood
Bronchiectasis - Summary

What?
• Bronchiectasis is derived from the Greek words bronckos meaning airway and ectasis meaning
Chronic inflammation causes ... bronchial wall injury ... Most Common Causes ... moderate-to-severe cases ... mycobacteria Treatment