21 results
Traditionally, congestive heart failure has been classified according to severity of symptoms, first formulated by the
system to circulate blood ... sometimes advanced treatment ... flare ups that cause ... #HeartFailure #Staging ... #NYHA #ACCAHA
STAGES of CHF (A, B, C, D), however, describe the severity of structural abnormalities that impair
system to circulate blood ... flare ups that cause ... Cardiology #CHF #Congestive ... #HeartFailure #Staging ... #Stages #ACCAHA
Causes of Hyperkalemia
Pseudohyperkalemia
 - Tourniquet use
 - Hemolysis (in vitro)
 - Leukocytosis
 - Thrombocytosis
Intra- to extracellular
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Transfusion of aged blood ... Rhabdomyolysis/crush injury ... failure* - Drugs—potassium-sparing ... #Causes #diagnosis
Here’s a review of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system (RAAS)

This is a very common pathway that clinicians should
sodium, which causes ... increased blood ... avoid harmful hyperkalemia ... antagonist AND a potassium-sparing ... ReninAngiotensinAldosteroneSystem #RAAS #Pharmacology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Management Summary Causes ... Toxins - Drugs - Statins ... UA positive for blood ... Monitor potassium ... Diagnosis #Management #causes
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• Trauma/Crush injury ... • Blood transfusion ... Digoxin • K sparing ... Blood transfusion ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary

Trauma:
 • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury
Exertional:
 •
Drugs (Statins), ... Monitor potassium ... Dialysis for severe hyperkalemia ... Management #Summary #causes ... #treatment
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• Trauma/Crush injury ... • Blood transfusion ... Digoxin • K sparing ... Blood transfusion ... differential #diagnosis #causes
In order to better classify heart failure, the American College of Cardiology Foundation and the American
four-component staging ... With treatment, ... Cardiology #CHF #Congestive ... Classification #Stages #Classes ... #NYHA #ACCAHA
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... Kidney stones caused ... Prevention of blood ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... Diuresis #Nephrology #Pharmacology