154 results
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency
Etiology:
 • Vit B12 - aka cobalamin. Present in foods derived from animal
B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency ... • Common Causes ... parasthesias, gait ... , alcohol use, symptoms ... Check for IF ab Treatment
Wernicke Encephalopathy - Acute B1 (Thiamine) Deficiency - Diagnosis and Management
Diagnosis - Caine Criteria (2 of
B1 (Thiamine) Deficiency ... dysfunction (e.g. gait ... Anorexia nervosa Treatment ... Encephalopathy • A prompt treatment ... can improve symptoms
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Iron Deficiency ... → Inflammation causes ... functional ID) Treatment ... improvement in symptoms ... endpoint of all-cause
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
Tuberculosis: can cause ... include protein C deficiency ... Aldosterone Deficiency ... IV) Cortisol Deficiency ... Myalgia Cortisol Deficiency
Osteomalacia & Osteoporosis in People with HIV
Osteomalacia:
 - Decreased bone matrix mineralization. In people with HIV
wasting, vitamin D deficiency ... (from multiple causes ... weakness, waddling gait ... of underlying cause ... mild-mod vitamin D deficiency
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure - Diagnosis and Treatment Algorithm
Diagnosis: Ferritin <100 ng/mL (absolute ID) OR
Iron Deficiency ... Diagnosis and Treatment ... Ill HF with iron deficiency ... order to alleviate symptoms ... algorithm #cardiology #treatment
Causes of Iron Deficiency
 • Inadequate Intake: Vegetarian/vegan diet, Malnutrition
 • Increased Body Needs: Infants/preschoolers, Pregnancy,
Causes of Iron Deficiency ... Pregnancy, EPO treatment ... cancer) #Iron #Deficiency ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Labyrinthitis 
Vestibular neuritis + unilateral hearing loss = Labyrinthitis 
1) Vertigo (severe) 
2) Gait instability 
3)
(severe) 2) Gait ... instability 3) Nausea ... Labyrinthitis #Diagnosis #Symptoms
Trendelenburg Gait: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Skeletal Pathology of the Hip
 • Arthritis
 • Congenital hip dysplasia
Trendelenburg Gait ... Trendelenburg Gait ... Trendelenburg #Gait ... pathophysiology #causes ... #symptoms #signs
Causes of Hypermagnesemia
Increased magnesium load
 - Magnesium-containing laxatives, antacids, or enemas
 - Treatment of pre-edampsia/eclampsia (mothers
Causes of Hypermagnesemia ... or enemas - Treatment ... Mineralocorticoid deficiency ... Hypermagnesemia #Causes