8 results
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... tubular injury ... red - cells Non-glomerular ... Dysmorphic red cells - Glomerular ... Diagnostic of glomerular
Acute Kidney Injury - Classification
Prerenal:
 • Dehydration
 • Heart failure (a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome)
 • Liver failure
Acute Kidney Injury ... - TTP/HUS • Glomerular ... necrosis (causes ... interstitial nephritis ... #Kidney #Injury
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
Algorithm Red blood ... cells on urine ... • Calculi Glomerular ... epithelial side of glomerular ... endothelial side of glomerular
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
or dipstick) Glomerular ... Immune mediated injury ... of Glomerular Bleeding ... of glomerular hematuria ... Suggestive of glomerular
Acute Kidney Injury - Differential Diagnosis Framework
PRERENAL:
 - Intrarenal vasoconstriction-hemodynamically mediated
 - Systemic vasodilation
 - Volume
Acute Kidney Injury ... INTRINSIC: - Glomerular ... Management: Avoiding nephrotoxic ... treating underlying cause ... #Kidney #Injury
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... osmolarity If cause ... clinical context and signs ... • Interstitial nephritis ... #Kidney #Injury
Hyperuricemia: Pathogenesis and Complications

 - Hypercalcemia (due to diseases like Sarcoidosis and Hyperparathyroidism) -> Accumulation of
Hypercalcemia (due to diseases ... nephron -> Decr Glomerular ... decr ability of kidneys ... -> Release of purine ... Hyperuricemia #Pathophysiology
Vasculitis and Vasculitides - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
 • Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
 •
tract, and often causes ... Vasculitis - Skin, glomeruli ... : glomerular ischemia ... purpura: strong sign ... #rheumatology #classification