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differential algorithm acute aki kidney urology management microscopy nephritic proteinuria rheumatology syndrome syndromes treatment vasculitis workup atlas comparison diseases glomerulonephritis
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
Glomerular Diseases ... RBC casts in urine ... but in severe cases ... diabetes)) #Glomerular ... #Diseases #Nephritic
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes. Step
the patient have glomerular ... casts or dysmorphic ... RBCs in urine)? ... Comparison #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
• Signs of glomerular ... RBC casts → Diagnostic ... disease Renal ... #nephrology #renal ... #urine #blood
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
Causes of Hematuria ... • Calculi Glomerular ... RBCs and/or RBC casts ... epithelial side of glomerular ... endothelial side of glomerular
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings • Epithelial cells - Normal • Renal tubular cells - Acute
red - cells Non-glomerular ... Dysmorphic red cells - Glomerular ... glomerular disease ... renal disease ... #nephrology #casts
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
and Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Evidence of glomerular ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... for renal biopsy ... Workup #urology #blood
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Renal: - Glomerular - IgA Nephropathy, Thin basement membrane, Alport syndrome,
Causes of Hematuria ... Renal: - Glomerular ... - Interstitial nephritis ... necrosis, Sickle cell disease ... #Diagnosis #Causes
Acute Kidney Injury - Differential Diagnosis Framework PRERENAL: - Intrarenal vasoconstriction-hemodynamically mediated - Systemic vasodilation - Volume
INTRINSIC: - Glomerular ... cell casts on UA ... tubular cell casts ... or pigmented casts ... treating underlying cause
Algorithm - Approach to the differential diagnosis of the patient presenting with overt glomerular proteinuria. CMV
presenting with overt glomerular ... Cytomegalovirus; GBM = glomerular ... cell/white cell casts ... #glomerular #proteinuria ... #nephrology
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... and concentrated urine ... breakdown of cellular casts ... heme-granular casts ... 34t5DgJ #Urinary #Casts
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