12 results
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
Glomerular Diseases ... RBC casts in urine ... diabetes)) #Glomerular ... #Diseases #Nephritic ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
and/or proteinuria ... /nephritic syndromes ... the patient have glomerular ... casts or dysmorphic ... RBCs in urine)?
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
RBCs and/or RBC casts ... • Thin GBM disease ... • Hereditary nephritis ... • Pauci-immune disease ... and >3.5g/day (nephrotic
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... red - cells Non-glomerular ... Dysmorphic red cells - Glomerular ... disease, but can ... Diagnostic of glomerular
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
of Glomerular Bleeding ... basement membrane disease ... • Signs of glomerular ... RBC casts → Diagnostic ... disease Renal
Algorithm - Approach to the differential diagnosis of the patient presenting with overt glomerular proteinuria. CMV
cell/white cell casts ... impairment), heart disease ... clusters because nephritic ... #proteinuria #nephrotic ... #syndrome #nephrology
Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis (RPGN) 
 - Loss of kidney function over a short period of tirne
with evidence of glomerular ... disease (hematuria ... immune deposits in glomeruli ... nephropathy, lupus nephritis ... post-infectious GN Anti-Glomerular
Acute Kidney Injury - Classification
Prerenal:
 • Dehydration
 • Heart failure (a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome)
 • Liver failure
Acute Kidney Injury ... - TTP/HUS • Glomerular ... disease - Post-infectious ... Acute interstitial nephritis ... #Injury #Classification
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis
Renal:
 - Glomerular - IgA Nephropathy, Thin basement membrane, Alport syndrome,
Causes of Hematuria ... Diagnosis Renal: - Glomerular ... membrane, Alport syndrome ... - Interstitial nephritis ... necrosis, Sickle cell disease
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN) AKA: Mesangiocapillary GN
 • Active Urine Sediment (dysmorphic RBC, RBC casts, +/- proteinuria)
dysmorphic RBC, RBC casts ... , +/- proteinuria ... formation along glomerular ... (Dense deposit disease ... glomerulopathy, radiation nephritis