7 results
Odontoid Fractures 
Type I  [Stable]  - Avulsion of the tip 
Type II [Unstable] -
Odontoid Fractures ... Type I [Stable ... II [Unstable] - Fracture ... #Odontoid #Fractures ... #Types #Classification
Orthopedic Essentials - Spinal Trauma and Spine Classification 
DENIS THREE COLUMN CONCEPT
Anterior column:
Stable fractures ... deficit, still able ... bear Unstable fractures ... 2 Complete cord ... 3 Incomplete cord
Shock Classification
Shock Definition: State of cellular and tissue hypoxia due to: reduced oxygen delivery, increased oxygen
Shock Classification ... END-ORGAN DYSFUNCTION ... water #Shock #Classification ... diagnosis #management #cold ... warm #wet #dry #table
Bedside Classification of Shock

Hypovolemic shock 

- Vomiting, diarrhea, overdiuresis 

- Hemorrhage (GI, peritoneal, RP) 

Distributive shock
Bedside Classification ... Acute valve dysfunction ... Prosthetic valve dysfunction ... Cardiogenic #Comparison #Table ... #Diagnosis #Features
Preoperative Risk Evaluation

Major Pre-Op Questions:
1. Does the patient have any modifiable risk factors that could be
metabolic equivalent able ... Performance thorough ... with valvular dysfunction ... or LV dysfunction ... Stable patients
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
bowel and sexual dysfunction ... Diagnosis: • Spinal cord ... spondylitis • Tethered cord ... distinguishing feature
Paget’s Disease: Complications
Abnormal Osteoclasts cause excessive bone turnover -> Incr bone resorption, Incr (abnormal) bone formation

MSK
-> Pathologic fractures ... or the spinal cord ... causes middle ear dysfunction