15 results
The Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia
Drugs
 - Amiloride
 - Spironolactone
 - Triamterene
 - Trimethoprim
 - Pentamidine
 -
High Renin - Primary ... adrenal insufficiency ... #Hyperkalemia #Algorithm ... #diagnosis #differential ... #causes
Causes of Adrenal Insufficiency - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ACTH-Dependent (Secondary):
 • Pituitary Dysfunction
 • Hypothalamic Dysfunction
ACTH-Independent (Primary):
Causes of Adrenal ... Insufficiency - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... : • Pituitary Dysfunction ... ACTH-Independent (Primary
Etiologies of Hypoaldosteronism

Hyporeninemic Hypoaldosteronism (Low Renin, Low Aldosterone)
 - Diabetic Nephropathy 
 - NSAIDs
Non-Hyporeninemic Hypoaldosteronism (Normal
Chronic heparin - Primary ... adrenal insufficiency ... Hypoaldosteronism #Differential ... Aldosterone #Comparison #Table ... #Causes
Adrenal Insufficiency Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical suspicion: Weakness, fatigue, nausea, musculoskeletal pain, dizziness, volume depletion, abdominal pain,
Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Clinical ... Weakness, fatigue, nausea ... baseline ACTH - Primary ... • Low or normal
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... secreting tumor, Primary ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... wasting from other causes ... causes • Laxative ... consumption • Low ... #differential #
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
inhibitors - Primary ... tubular dysfunction ... #Diagnosis #Low ... #Magnesium #Table ... Classification #Causes
Breast Discharge - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High Prolactin + Normal TSH
 • Microprolactinoma
 • Steroid Hormone Intake
Breast Discharge - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Prolactin + Normal/ Low ... + High TSH • Primary ... Endocrinology #Causes
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Diagnosis Algorithm ... or normal): • Primary ... Hypercalcemia Low ... Tumors: Lung, SCC, renal ... #causes #endocrinology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Nephrology #Causes