46 results
Granular & “Muddy Brown” Casts on Urine Microscopy
A. Finely granular cast B. slightly coarser granular cast
Granular & “Muddy ... Finely granular ... slightly coarser granular ... appreciated at low ... Microscopy #Clinical #Nephrology
Algorithmic Approach to Acute Interstitial Nephritis
When to suspect AIN? (not sensitive)
 • AKI, AKD, rapidly progressive
Algorithmic Approach ... tubular proteinuria, granular ... Nephritis #AIN #Algorithm ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Glitter Cells on Urine Microscopy
Glitter cells in the urine are viable and pale staining WBCs with
with cytoplasmic granular ... depends on the low ... Microscopy #clinical #nephrology
True Hyponatremia Differential Algorithm

Instead (or in addition) of volume status examination, check urine sodium and serum
Hyponatremia Differential Algorithm ... - Urine sodium low ... and uric acid low ... #Differential #Algorithm ... #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Uric Acid - Low ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #nephrology #sodium ... #low #uricacid
Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis (RPGN)
RPGN has three primary pathophysiologic causes differentiated by immunofluorescence

Immune Complex Mediated (granular staining):
Complex Mediated (granular ... staining): • Low ... differential #diagnosis #algorithm
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Normal Acid-Base: Low ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... causes #potassium #low ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... vomiting) • Low ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #nephrology #low
Hypophosphatemia Diagnostic Algorithm
- GI Losses
- Redistribution
- 1° HPT
- 1° Renal PO4 wasting: Hereditary, TIO, Fanconi Syndrome,
Hypophosphatemia Diagnostic Algorithm ... Hypophosphatemia #phosphorus #low ... #diagnosis #Algorithm ... #differential #nephrology
Hypocalcemia Workup - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Low Magnesium, High Magnesium - Functional Hypoparathyroidism
 • High
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Low Magnesium ... High Phosphate, Low ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #nephrology #calcium