312 results
High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA) - Mnemonics
Why should we switch from MUDPILES to GOLDMARK?
 •
Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA ... toxins that can cause ... recognized as causes ... of AGMA: 1) D-lactate ... Metabolic #Acidosis #HAGMA
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
Insufficiency Addison's ... : Most Common Causes ... Tuberculosis: can cause ... potassium • ↑ H+ (NAGMA ... insufficiency #addisons
Adrenal Crisis
Do not confuse acute adrenal crisis with Addison disease. In 1855, Thomas Addison described a
crisis with Addison ... In 1855, Thomas Addison ... hemorrhage can be a cause ... the most common cause ... the most common cause
Causes of Non-Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis - USED PART Mnemonic
U: Urinary diversion/ Ureteroenterostomy
S: Small Bowel Fistula
E:
Causes of Non-Anion ... Pancreatic fistula A: Addison ... @drM_sudha #NAGMA ... USEDPART #Mnemonic #Causes
Causes of Hypermagnesemia
Increased magnesium load
 - Magnesium-containing laxatives, antacids, or enemas
 - Treatment of pre-edampsia/eclampsia (mothers
Causes of Hypermagnesemia ... Rhabdomyolysis Increased renal ... Mineralocorticoid deficiency, adrenal ... insufficiency (Addison's ... Hypermagnesemia #Causes
High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis - GOLDMARK

Glycols - ethylene and propylene glycol
Oxoproline
Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA ... salicylate toxicity causes ... ketoacidosis Renal ... acids in advanced renal ... Metabolic #Acidosis #HAGMA
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
algorithm Decreased renal ... excretion • Acute renal ... • Congenital adrenal ... • Drugs • Addison's ... /congenital adrenal
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS 
OF ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY. 

Primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency:
 - Tiredness, weakness, mental depression
MANIFESTATIONS OF ADRENAL ... and secondary adrenal ... hypotension - Nausea ... insipidus #Adrenal ... Insufficiency #Addisons
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal ... failure, Addison's ... Hypercalcemia #Causes
NAACP mnemonic for the major causes of Eosinophilia 
N = Neoplasia (CML, Hodgkins lymphoma) 
A =
for the major causes ... Atopy A = Asthma, Addison's ... #Differential #Causes