50 results
Causes of Generalized Edema - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Overfill (Increased renal sodium retention, Urine Na > 40meq/L)
Causes of Generalized ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Increased renal sodium ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
• Urinary casts ... (FE Na). ... Injury (AKI) FE ... Necrosis (ATN) FE ... leucocyte-esterase #urine #UNa #casts
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... water loss, Serum Sodium ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemic - Give volume
Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... treat underlying cause ... Stress, Nausea, ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... diagnosis #nephrology #sodium
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... normal volume-based algorithm ... : SIADH, Renal Sodium ... differential #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis by Mechanism
Decr Blood Pressure (“Decr Effective Circulating Volume”) 
 - Volume depletion
Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes #Sodium
Fatigue and IBD Algorithm
 • 40-50% patients have fatigue despite clinical remission
 • Risk factors: BMI,
Fatigue and IBD Algorithm ... > PO FEFe Carboxymaltose ... /other causes • ... modifications Algorithm ... #Fatigue #IBD #Algorithm
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
Insensible losses Sodium ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Potassium-Binding Agents to Treat Hyperkalemia
Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma):
 • Mechanism: Preferentially captures K in exchange for
Treat Hyperkalemia Sodium ... for hydrogen and sodium ... constipation, diarrhea, nausea ... hypokalemia); nausea ... #pharmacology #table
Flowchart to diuretic use in acute heart failure.

(A) Congestion with volume overload. 

(B) Treatment algorithm after
(B) Treatment algorithm ... blood pressure; HF ... intravenous; SGLT2‐I, sodium–glucose ... Diuresis #CHF #Algorithm