10 results
Menstrual Cycle Physiology: The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovarian Axis
Estrogen, when released:
 • Negatively feeds back on the hypothalamus and
pathophysiology #HPOA
1
Consumption of organic anions
2
Demineralization
3
Lactate, dissociated fatty acids, etc.
Metabolism
Ht consumptiont
cos-
РО}-
HPOT
HCO3
Hyperventilation
CO, output with expiration†
6
Vomiting
Нуро-
kalemia
Нуро-
volemia
H
HCO;
4
ЗНСОз
Nat
5
Na
Proximal tubules
Hypopara-thyroidism
Aldosteronet
7
Liver failure
Urea
Distal nephron
NH4
Cys •-
Met
consumptiont cos- РО}- HPOT
Stress Dose Steroids - Indications and Dosing

SUPPRESSED HPA AXIS:
 prednisone >20mg/day x 3 weeks or more
Dosing SUPPRESSED HPA
Causes of Secondary Amenorrhea - Differential Diagnosis
 • Pregnancy
 • Endocrinopathies: PCOS, Hypothyroidism
 • HPA Dysfunction:
Hypothyroidism • HPA
Adrenal Insufficiency Diagnosis Algorithm - Evaluation of HPA Axis Response to ACTH

Early am cortisol < 3
Evaluation of HPA
Intern Pocket Cards - Daily Rounding and Disposition Checklist
Daily Checklist:
 • FEN/GI:
Update family/DPOA
Arthritis of the Hand - Arthritis Patterns

Osteoarthritis:
• Osteoarthritis of the hand usually involves the DIP and
Thyroid acropachy • HOA
Panic Disorder: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Social Factors
 • Parenting and infant attachment
 • Childhood illness/abuse
 •
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA
1
Formation of organic acids
Lactate, dissociated fatty acids, acetic acids, etc.
Metabolism
H formationt
4
Hyperkalemia
ЗНСО,
Na
2
Mineralization
3
Hypoventilation
CO;
POA
3-
HCO;
6
CO, output # with expiration
Diarrhea
5
H*-
Proximal tubule
Renal
Hypoventilation CO; POA
Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) - Pathophysiology 
Excessive fear of one or more social situations
 • Safety
Nervous System & HPA