113 results
Causes of False Elevation and Reduction in HbA1c

== False Elevation ==
Decreased RBC turnover 
• Iron, B-12,
Causes of False ... and Reduction in HbA1c ... Elevation == Decreased ... Elevation #Reduction #HbA1c ... #Increase #Decrease
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
→ Inflammation causes ... ferroportin → Decreased ... ferroportin leads to decreased ... endpoint of all-cause ... diagnosis #management #cardiology
ECMO circuit chatter - rhythmic pulsations in the drainage catheter/tubing leading to the pump
CHATTER occurs when
Untreated it can cause ... of CHATTER: - decrease ... & exclude PTX (CXR ... reposition to increase
Kussmaul's Sign - Differential Diagnosis

Typically the JVP decreases with inspiration as the negative intrathoracic pressure "sucks
Typically the JVP decreases ... there is a lack of decrease ... or increase in ... physicalexam #diagnosis #cardiology ... #differential #causes
Digoxin effect on Electrocardiogram (EKG)
Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside from the foxglove leaf
Mechanism
 - Inhibits Na-K
Na-K ATPase -> increase ... extracellular K -> increase ... contractility - Decreases ... nodal conduction Uses ... Electrocardiogram #EKG #Cardiology
Interstitial pneumonias
An acute reticular pattern is most frequently caused by interstitial edema due to cardiac heart
most frequently caused ... The other cause ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CXR #Acute #Interstitial
Radiologists use many terms to describe areas of decreased density or lucencies within the lung, like
describe areas of decreased ... since in many cases ... describe areas of decreased ... visible wall #CXR ... Pulmonary #Diagnosis #Radiology
Hilar enlargement
The table summarizes the causes of hilar enlargement.
Normal hili are:
- Normal in position - left
summarizes the causes ... vessels #Diagnosis #Radiology ... #CXR #HilarEnlargement
Pacemaker Identification Algorithm

For more assistance check out this free application that uses AI to identify from
application that uses ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology ... #Radiology #CXR
Traditionally, congestive heart failure has been classified according to severity of symptoms, first formulated by the
Association, which is classes ... prolong life and decrease ... flare ups that cause ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology ... Classification #Stages #Classes