67 results
Causes of False Elevation and Reduction in HbA1c

== False Elevation ==
Decreased RBC turnover 
• Iron, B-12,
Causes of False ... and Reduction in HbA1c ... Elevation == Decreased ... Elevation #Reduction #HbA1c ... #Increase #Decrease
Hydroxyurea - Pathophysiology and Benefits in Sickle Cell Disease
 • Decreases number of pain crises (
Hydroxyurea - Pathophysiology ... Cell Disease • Decreases ... number of pain crises ... 4.5 vs. 2.4) • Decreases ... Benefits #SickleCell #pathophysiology
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Heart Failure Pathophysiology ... → Inflammation causes ... ferroportin → Decreased ... ferroportin leads to decreased ... endpoint of all-cause
Conceptual Relationship between Volume Responsiveness and Volume Tolerance

Assessing for volume responsiveness would only tell you that
Causes of "Left ... Shift" (Decreased ... glycocalyx damage -decreased ... oncotic pressure -decreased ... #Differential #Pathophysiology
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Diagnosis Algorithm Cause ... - Decreased Intake ... intoxication Cause ... acidosis - Cl⁻ decrease ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Pathophysiology
Medical Conditions Causing Mania or Mania-Like Episodes: Pathogenesis
 • Bipolar Disorder -> Combination of individual, genetic,
limbic circuitry -> Decreased ... SAM) pathway -> Decreased ... thyroid activity -> Decrased ... Manic #Secondary #Causes ... Differential #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Urinary Loss Decreased ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... potassium #low #pathophysiology
Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve 

Left Shift - decreased unloading of O2 at tissue level (i.e.  increased
Left Shift - decreased ... tissue level (i.e. decreased ... Dissociation #Curve #Pathophysiology ... #Differential #Causes
Chronic Vision Loss by Anatomic Location - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cornea:
 • Keratoconus
 • Stromal Scaring
 •
Retinitis Pigmentosa (Decreased ... field defects, decrease ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes ... #Ophthalmology
Amblyopia ("Lazy Eye"): Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Amblyopia => 
Interruption of visual stimulation during childhood visual development
amblyopic eye -> Decreased ... Amblyopia #LazyEye #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology