135 results
Causes of False Elevation and Reduction in HbA1c

== False Elevation ==
Decreased RBC turnover 
• Iron, B-12,
Causes of False ... and Reduction in HbA1c ... Elevation == Decreased ... Elevation #Reduction #HbA1c ... #Increase #Decrease
POCUS Echocardiography - Table of Cardiac Views and Windows
 • Parastemal Long-Axis View (PLAX)
 • Parasternal
POCUS Echocardiography ... - Table of Cardiac ... -Chamber View (A4C ... Doppler #Anatomy #POCUS ... #Cardiac #TTE #
Conceptual Relationship between Volume Responsiveness and Volume Tolerance

Assessing for volume responsiveness would only tell you that
in cardiac output ... Causes of "Left ... Shift" (Decreased ... glycocalyx damage -decreased ... oncotic pressure -decreased
Hemoglobin A1c (glycated hemoglobin) reflects the average blood glucose concentration over the course of the RBC
shown by levels of HbA1c ... correlated with 35-76% decrease ... lower levels of HbA1c ... Women with HbA1c ... , #@DharSaty #HbA1c
Cardiac Rupture with Pericardial Effusion

Apical 4 chamber. Note larger right sided pericardial effusion with significant compression
Cardiac Rupture ... concerning for cardiac ... Shortly after had cardiac ... MyocardialInfarction #AMI #POCUS ... ultrasound #Cardiology #A4c
Digoxin effect on Electrocardiogram (EKG)
Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside from the foxglove leaf
Mechanism
 - Inhibits Na-K
Digoxin is a cardiac ... Na-K ATPase -> increase ... extracellular K -> increase ... contractility - Decreases ... nodal conduction Uses
A 70 year old was presented to the urgent care center with severe retrosternal chest pain
chest pain and a cardiac ... POCUS showed a ... 3/ #Clinical #POCUS ... Echocardiogram #A4c
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Increased extracellular K+:
 • Tissue injury
 • Hemolysis
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 •
Causes of HyperKalemia ... Aldosterone blockers • Cardiac ... of injection Decreased ... inhibitor • Cardiac ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes
Causes of Falls in the Elderly - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
- Intrinsic Factors - 
Presyncope / Syncope
Causes of Falls ... / Syncope • Cardiac ... • Non-Cardiac ... • Weakness • Decreased ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Approach to the Hypotensive Patient - Differential Diagnosis Framework for Hypotension

Blood Pressure = Heart Rate x
Bradycardia (inadequate cardiac ... arrhythmia Decreased ... insufficiency (MC) Cardiac ... negative inotropes Decreased ... differential #diagnosis #causes