193 results
Causes of False Elevation and Reduction in HbA1c

== False Elevation ==
Decreased RBC turnover 
• Iron, B-12,
Causes of False ... and Reduction in HbA1c ... Elevation == Decreased ... Elevation #Reduction #HbA1c ... #Increase #Decrease
Diastolic Dysfunction Grading - Echocardiography
Grade 0  (Normal):
 • E/A >0.8, e’ > 8 cm/s, E/e’
Impaired Relaxation & Decreased ... Compliance • Mild Decrease ... Relaxation Speed - POCUS ... grades #diagnosis #cardiology ... #POCUS
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
→ Inflammation causes ... ferroportin → Decreased ... endpoint of all-cause ... heartfailure #diagnosis #management ... #cardiology
Echocardiographic Findings of Acute Right Ventricular Strain
 - Increased RV:LV Size Ratio
 - Abnormal Septal Motion
TAPSE - Decreased ... Speckle Tracking: Decreased ... Echocardiogram #POCUS ... #Ventricular #cardiology ... #POCUS
Kussmaul's Sign - Differential Diagnosis

Typically the JVP decreases with inspiration as the negative intrathoracic pressure "sucks
Typically the JVP decreases ... there is a lack of decrease ... or increase in ... physicalexam #diagnosis #cardiology ... #differential #causes
Digoxin effect on Electrocardiogram (EKG)
Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside from the foxglove leaf
Mechanism
 - Inhibits Na-K
Na-K ATPase -> increase ... extracellular K -> increase ... contractility - Decreases ... nodal conduction Uses ... Electrocardiogram #EKG #Cardiology
Traditionally, congestive heart failure has been classified according to severity of symptoms, first formulated by the
Association, which is classes ... prolong life and decrease ... flare ups that cause ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology ... Classification #Stages #Classes
Cardiogenic Shock - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Identifying Hypoperfusion from Cardiac Dysfunction
 • Exam: Congestion vs Hypoperfusion
Diagnosis and Management ... Diagnostic Studies • POCUS ... Management: • ... Shock #Diagnosis #Management ... #cardiology
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome – ARDS: Clinical Cheat Sheet

An acute diffuse, inflammatory lung injury, leading to
associated with decreased ... there is no clear cause ... Management ● Early ... ● Supportive management ... the underlying cause
Ruptured Chordae Tendineae on POCUS Echocardiogram
 
Many underlying causes, not limited to: MVP, subacute endocarditis, connective
Chordae Tendineae on POCUS ... Many underlying causes ... Chordae #Tendineae #POCUS ... Ultrasound #Clinical #Cardiology