164 results
Causes of False Elevation and Reduction in HbA1c

== False Elevation ==
Decreased RBC turnover 
• Iron, B-12,
Causes of False ... and Reduction in HbA1c ... Elevation == Decreased ... Elevation #Reduction #HbA1c ... #Increase #Decrease
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
→ Inflammation causes ... ferroportin → Decreased ... endpoint of all-cause ... iron #deficiency #CHF ... diagnosis #management #cardiology
Traditionally, congestive heart failure has been classified according to severity of symptoms, first formulated by the
STAGES of CHF (A ... prolong life and decrease ... flare ups that cause ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology ... #CHF #Congestive
Medications Used in Congestive Heart Failure

In CHF, the heart is failing as a pump; cardiac output
Heart Failure In CHF ... CHF also causes ... are designed to increase ... #Pharmacology #CHF ... #HeartFailure #Cardiology
Congestive Heart Failure - Causes, Pathophysiology and Differential Diagnosis
 • Dilated Cardiomyopathy 
 • Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Heart Failure - Causes ... • Other HFpEF Causes ... #HeartFailure #Causes ... Differential #Diagnosis #cardiology ... #HFrEF #HFpEF #CHF
STAGES of CHF (A, B, C, D), however, describe the severity of structural abnormalities that impair
STAGES of CHF (A ... prolong life and decrease ... flare ups that cause ... #Management #Cardiology ... #CHF #Congestive
Chronic Cough - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red Flags:
 • Fever, night sweats, chills (infection)
 • Weight loss,
lung disease or CHF ... ) • Abnormal CXR ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
BiPAP titration in CHF
 - Mean airway pressure provides goodness 
 - Ramp up the ePAP
BiPAP titration in CHF ... Ramp up iPAP to increase ... BiPAP #Titration #CHF ... #CriticalCare #Cardiology
Stage I - Redistribution
In a normal chest film with the patient standing erect, the pulmonary vessels
supplying the lung bases ... non-perfused vessels and causes ... during a period of CHF ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CXR #CHF #Cephalization
Causes of Hemoptysis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Massive Hemoptysis (>I00 mL in 24 hours)
 • Malignancy
 •
Causes of Hemoptysis ... Malformation Normal CXR ... Abnormalities • CHF ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes