164 results
Causes of False Elevation and Reduction in HbA1c

== False Elevation ==
Decreased RBC turnover 
• Iron, B-12,
Causes of False ... and Reduction in HbA1c ... Elevation == Decreased ... Elevation #Reduction #HbA1c ... #Increase #Decrease
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
→ Inflammation causes ... ferroportin → Decreased ... endpoint of all-cause ... iron #deficiency #CHF ... diagnosis #management #cardiology
Traditionally, congestive heart failure has been classified according to severity of symptoms, first formulated by the
STAGES of CHF (A ... prolong life and decrease ... flare ups that cause ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology ... #CHF #Congestive
Medications Used in Congestive Heart Failure

In CHF, the heart is failing as a pump; cardiac output
Heart Failure In CHF ... CHF also causes ... are designed to increase ... #Pharmacology #CHF ... #HeartFailure #Cardiology
MRI Brain Sequence Comparison: T1 vs T2 vs FLAIR
T1:
 - CSF is Dark
 - Grey Matter
MRI Brain Sequence ... vs FLAIR T1: - CSF ... is White T2: - CSF ... T1 #T2 #FLAIR #MRI ... Comparison #clinical #radiology
Congestive Heart Failure - Causes, Pathophysiology and Differential Diagnosis
 • Dilated Cardiomyopathy 
 • Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Heart Failure - Causes ... • Other HFpEF Causes ... #HeartFailure #Causes ... Differential #Diagnosis #cardiology ... #HFrEF #HFpEF #CHF
Lumbar Central Canal Stenosis Grading 
  - Normal - No CSF effacement 
  -
- Normal - No CSF ... effacement of CSF ... effacement of CSF ... Classification #Diagnosis #Radiology ... #MSK #MRI
STAGES of CHF (A, B, C, D), however, describe the severity of structural abnormalities that impair
STAGES of CHF (A ... prolong life and decrease ... flare ups that cause ... #Management #Cardiology ... #CHF #Congestive
Pharmacology of diuretics

Acetazolamide, Loop diuretics, Thiazide‐like diuretics, MRA, Amiloride

Site of Action, Maximum Dose, Half-Life, Onset, Bioavailability,
Thiazide‐like diuretics, MRA ... Loop #Thiazide #CHF ... #Cardiology #Management
BiPAP titration in CHF
 - Mean airway pressure provides goodness 
 - Ramp up the ePAP
BiPAP titration in CHF ... Ramp up iPAP to increase ... BiPAP #Titration #CHF ... #CriticalCare #Cardiology