175 results
Causes of False Elevation and Reduction in HbA1c

== False Elevation ==
Decreased RBC turnover 
• Iron, B-12,
and Reduction in HbA1c ... Elevation == Decreased ... Elevation #Reduction #HbA1c ... #Increase #Decrease ... #Diagnosis #DM2
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Heart Failure Pathophysiology ... ferroportin → Decreased ... and iron release Diagnosis ... #heartfailure #diagnosis ... #management #cardiology
Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

 • Negative feedback on hypothalamus/pituitary, Decreasing ACTH -> Decr Sex
Factors (GF's) • Decrease ... Osteocytes • Increase ... Bone Resorption, Decreased ... #Osteoporosis #pathophysiology ... signs #symptoms #diagnosis
Auto-PEEP 
What is Auto-PEEP?
 • Progressive air trapping & dynamic hyperinflation → ↑Palv at end expiration
(Tflow rate = decrease ... I:E ratio, decrease ... RR) • Decrease ... PEEP #pulmonary #diagnosis ... #management #criticalcare
Hypotension in Anesthesiology - Differential Diagnosis and Management 

Initial checklist: 
 - Verify BP (e.g. surgeon
- Differential Diagnosis ... and Management ... crystalloids) - Decrease ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Management
Medical Conditions Causing Mania or Mania-Like Episodes: Pathogenesis
 • Bipolar Disorder -> Combination of individual, genetic,
limbic circuitry -> Decreased ... SAM) pathway -> Decreased ... thyroid activity -> Decrased ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Pathophysiology
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Cause - Decreased ... acidosis - Cl⁻ decrease ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #Pathophysiology
Alcohol Withdrawal Summary

Pathophysiology, Symptoms, Cause, Course, Management 

#Diagnosis #Management #Pathophysiology #Alcohol #Withdrawal #Symptoms
Withdrawal Summary Pathophysiology ... Cause, Course, Management ... #Diagnosis # ... Management #Pathophysiology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
- Differential Diagnosis ... Urinary Loss Decreased ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... potassium #low #pathophysiology
Mixed Urinary Incontinence: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Urgency Urinary Incontinence (UUI) -> Urinary leakage preceded by a
coapting urethra -> Decreased ... strength causing Decreased ... sphincter unit; Decreased ... Incontinence #Mixed #Pathophysiology ... Symptoms #Urology #Diagnosis