53 results
Codocytes (Target cells) - Two target cells are seen in the left photo and one in
Codocytes (Target ... #Clinical #Path ... #Blood #Smear #Codocytes
Schistocytes can assume a shape resembling natural or man-made objects such as arrowheads, fish, collar buttons,
#Clinical #Path ... Smear #Helmet #HelmetCells
Spectrum of Glomerular Diseases
Nephrotic - Mechanism:
 • Injury to podocytes
 • Changed architecture: Scanning. Deposition of
• Injury to podocytes ... Glomerular #Diseases #differential
#Diagnosis #Differential #Hypercalcemia #PTH #Differential #Algorithm
#Diagnosis #Differential ... Hypercalcemia #PTH ... #Differential #
Hypocalcemia - Diagnosis and Management
PTH Independent (↑ PTH)
 • LOW VIT D
    -
and Management PTH ... Independent (↑ PTH ... • INADEQUATE PTH ... RESISTANCE (↑ PTH ... endocrinology #differential
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasias (MEN syndromes) 

MEN I
• Hyperparathyroidism 
• Hypercalcemia 
• Possible ZE syndrome 
• Various
Various Pituitary path ... MultipleEndocrineNeoplasia #Differential
Hypocalcemia Laboratory Evaluation

Serum levels of PTH, phosphorus, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D can help differentiate between
Serum levels of PTH ... dihydroxyvitamin D can help differentiate ... Endocrinology #Differential
Mechanism of malignancy-associated hypercalcemia. Abbreviations: 1,25(OH)2D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D; NHL, non-Hodgkin lymphoma; PTH, parathyroid hormone; PTHrP, PTH-related
non-Hodgkin lymphoma; PTH ... hormone; PTHrP, PTH-related ... Mechanism #Frequency #Differential
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Hypercalcemia - Differential ... Algorithm Elevated PTH ... Hypercalcemia Low PTH ... Hypercalcemia #Differential
Workup of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High or Normal PTH:
 • Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid adenoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia,
Hypercalcemia - Differential ... High or Normal PTH ... Hypercalcemia Low PTH ... Hypercalcemia #Differential ... Workup #nephrology #PTH