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Pulse Oximetry Summary
Pulse oximetry is the non-invasive continuous measurement of the oxygen saturation of hemoglobin. It
saturation of hemoglobin ... that oxy- & deoxy hemoglobin ... #critcalcare #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis
Hypoxia and Hypoxemia - Overview
Hypoxia - insufficient oxygen delivered to tissues to meet demands
Hypoxemia - low
saturation of hemoglobin ... loss) or abnormal hemoglobin ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #pathophysiology
Oxygen Hemoglobin Dissociation curve

Curva de disociacion de oxi-hemoglobina
 #Cardiology#CEM
Oxygen Hemoglobin ... disociacion de oxi-hemoglobina
Oxygen-Hemoglobin Dissociation Curve

Left Shift (↓ O2 unloading to tissue), Left = Lower:
 • ↓ H+ (↑
Oxygen-Hemoglobin ... MatthewHoMD #Oxygen #Hemoglobin ... Dissociation #Curve #pathophysiology
Thalassemias on Hemoglobin Electrophoresis
Beta-Thalassemia:
 • Major
 • Intermediate
 • Trait
Alpha Thalassemia:
 • Trait-1 (α α/ α-)
Thalassemias on Hemoglobin ... or (α α/ --) • Hemoglobin ... H (α -/ --) • Hemoglobin ... Barts(- -/ --) Hemoglobin ... interpretation #diagnosis
The differential diagnosis for an elevated MCHC (mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration) includes:

Conditions with Abnormal RBCs:
 •
The differential diagnosis ... mean corpuscular hemoglobin ... Sickle cells • Hemoglobin ... Hemolysis (i.e., free hemoglobin ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology
Microcytic RBC: Pyridoxine deficiency, Thalassemia, Iron deficiency anemia, Chronic disease anemia (sometimes),
SS disease, Hemoglobin ... Hemoglobin C Crystals ... : Hemoglobin C disease ... , Hemoglobin SC ... #differential #diagnosis
Common RBC Inclusions and Associations
 • Howell Jolly Bodies: Hyposplenism, Asplenism, Severe hemolytic anemia
 • Heinz
drugs, Unstable hemoglobin ... Post-splenectomy • Hemoglobin ... H Inclusion: Hemoglobin ... Inclusions #Bodies #diagnosis
Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA)
Tests:
 • MCV/RBC - RBC ↓ in proportion to the ↓ in hemoglobin
proportion to the ↓ in hemoglobin ... • Hemoglobin ... available for Hemoglobin ... available for hemoglobin ... #ferritin #Fe #diagnosis
Oxygen Delivery Equation
DO2 = CO x {(1.39 x Hb x sO2) + (PaO2 x 0.03)}
DO2 =
Concentration of Hemoglobin ... oxygen-carrying capacity of hemoglobin ... saturation of effective hemoglobin ... Number of baskets = Hemoglobin ... Delivery #Equation #pathophysiology