21 results
Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) - Recognition of giant cell arteritis (GCA)

1) Is visual loss caused
cell arteritis (GCA ... of GCA? ... • Cephalic symptoms ... Doppler US : halo sign ... #Rheumatology #Ophthalmology
Giant Cell (Temporal) Arteritis: Pathogenesis and investigations
Risk Factors:
 - Unclear environmental triggers (may be viral, not
expression - Age: GCA ... yrs old; F>M Signs ... /Symptoms: - Fever ... - Normocytic Anemia ... #Symptoms #Vasculitis
Sarcoidosis 
Non-caseating granulomas (Composed of T-helper & inflammatory cells) 
Clinical:
 • Disease fatal in 10% of
Pulmonary: Cough, hemoptysis ... dysrhythmias • Ophthalmologic ... Sarcoidosis #Diagnosis #Symptoms ... #Signs #Pulmonary
Giant cell arteritis (GCA)

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) definition: Most common systemic inflammatory vasculitis in older adults
those coming off aorta ... systemic sx + signs ... systemic complaints- anemia ... required +/- prompt ophthalmology ... #Temporal #Signs
Low O2 saturation that does not respond to supplemental O2
- Key diagnostic feature (sat < 85%
averaging by the pulse ... FiO2 Severity of symptoms ... pneumonia, COPD, anemia ... Concentrations #Signs ... #Symptoms
Refeeding Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Patients at Risk of Refeeding Syndrome:
 - Little or no nutritional
Decr Serum K, Mg, Ca ... -DPG -> - hemolysis ... - anemia ... pathophysiology #symptoms ... #signs
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Inflammatory Disease: (i.e. GCA, SLE, GPA) ->
GCA, SLE, GPA) - ... after CRAO -> Pale Optic ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms
Clinical Features of Systemic Lupus (SLE)
General: Fever (50%), Depression, Fatigue (75%), Weight loss (50%)
Eye: Sjögrens (15%)
Skin
Endocarditis, Aortic ... ) Blood (75%): Anemia ... erythematosus #signs ... #symptoms #diagnosis
Vasculitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
• Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
• Mononeuritis multiplex
• Hematuria, proteinuria,
purpura: Strong sign ... < 30 years • Aorta ... claudication, pulse ... Arteritis): • Aorta ... develop in pts with GCA
Risk Factors and Signs of Copper Deficiency
Risk Factors:
 • Gastrointestinal: Previous upper bowel resection/bariatric surgery, Inflammatory
Risk Factors and Signs ... , Malnutrition Signs ... Haematological: Anaemia ... Peripheral neuropathy, Optic ... #riskfactors #symptoms