10 results
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
- Differential Diagnosis ... hyperchloremia - GI ... GI Loss of HCO3 ... NonAnionGap #Acidosis #Metabolic ... #Workup #nephrology
Causes of Non-Gap Metabolic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Anion Gap (<14) (Loss of Bicarbonate) -
Causes of Non-Gap Metabolic ... - Differential Diagnosis ... the anion gap GI ... MetabolicAcidosis #NonGap #Nephrology ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
- Differential Diagnosis ... Increased Loss: • GI ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Chloride
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
tubular cells - Acute ... Red cell casts - Diagnostic ... Hyaline casts - Any type ... crystals may indicate metabolic ... #nephrology #casts
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus

Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus:
 - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
Classification of ... Obstructive uropathy, Metabolic ... Diabetes #Insipidus #Classification ... #Types #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Differential
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Non-anion Gap Metabolic ... Renal failure (acute ... aniongap #NonGap #Metabolic ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #nephrology
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)

Definition:
• Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment.
• Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
hepatitis, or acute ... Pathophysiology: ... Classification: ... HRS-AKI (formerly Type ... Syndrome #Hepatology #Nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
: Differential Diagnosis ... postchronic hypercapnia (acute ... syndrome (11-ß HSD type ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Causes #nephrology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
may precede the neurologic ... Etiology: • Pathophysiology ... Drug toxicity, Metabolic ... syndrome, ADEM, Acute ... #management #neurology
Differential Diagnosis: New-Onset Seizure in the Elderly

STRUCTURAL:
 • Stroke/TIA, Subdural hematoma, mass
 • Traumatic Brain Injury
Differential Diagnosis ... Injury (TBI) - Acute ... METABOLIC - Electrolyte ... Patients with all types ... Seizure #Elderly #Neurology