28 results
Spondylolysis & Spondylolisthesis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Pars interarticularis stress fracture (spondylolysis) - most frequently in the
Pathogenesis and Clinical ... S1 => Weakened stability ... XR — scotty dog sign ... MSK #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Stress Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Abnormal biomechanics, Repetitive impact activities
=> Repetitive subthreshold mechanical loading
=> Bone strain
=>
Pathogenesis and clinical ... micro-damage exceeds ability ... #orthopedics #pathophysiology ... #symptoms #signs
Bullous Pemphigoid - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Pathophysiology: Autoantibody-mediated damage to epithelial basement membrane -> separation of
Diagnosis and Management ... Summary Pathophysiology ... epidermis from dermis Clinical ... Signs/Symptoms/ ... not feasible CMC
Femoral Head Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Posterior hip dislocation -> Impaction force from femoral
Pathogenesis and clinical ... onto lateral hip Signs ... Complications: • Inability ... msk #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
C.diff - Clostridioides Difficile Infection (CDI) - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

Clinical Presentation + Progression:
Diagnosis and Management ... GrepMed Handbook Clinical ... Perforation) Pathophysiology ... • Flex-Sig: If ... improvement with Tx Management
Pott's Disease in Tuberculosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology:
 - Typically from TB endemic areas
 -
extrapulmonary cases Clinical ... Signs/Symptoms: ... years - May have signs ... decreased reflexes Pathophysiology ... intervention CMC
Acute Rheumatic Fever: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Delayed autoimmune reaction
-> Molecular mimicry
-> GAS antigen cross-reacts with host
->
Pathogenesis and Clinical ... auto-reactive B and CD ... RheumaticFever #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #signs
Multiple Myeloma Diagnosis and Management Summary
Clinical Signs:
 • hyperCalcemia 28% (bone demineralization)
 • Renal disease 48%
Diagnosis and Management ... Summary Clinical ... Signs: • hyperCalcemia ... is also >100 CMC ... Myeloma #Diagnosis #Management
Emphysematous Cystitis
Epidemiology:
 • Usually middle-aged diabetic women
 • Other RF: neurogenic bladder, urinary tract outlet obstruction,
immune compromise Clinical ... Signs/Symptoms: ... be present or signs ... Pathophysiology: ... pyelonephritis CMC
Metformin Associated Lactic Acidosis (MALA) 

Pathophysiology of MALA
 - Metformin interferes with the activity of the
Acidosis (MALA) Pathophysiology ... presentation - Clinical ... - hemodynamic instability ... Toxicology #Diagnosis #Management