12 results
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome - Diagnosis and Management Summary
A defect in arterial oxygenation due to a gas exchange
Diagnosis and Management ... 1) or anatomic shunt ... Arterial blood gas (ABC ... cirrhosis • Intra-pulmonary ... scanning or pulmonary
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
(assumes Room Air ... Right to Left Shunt ... - Anatomic Shunt ... - Physiologic Shunt ... Disease and more • Diffusion
Acute and Chronic Causes of Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis
Pulmonary/Chest Wall:
 • Acute: Trauma, COPD exacerbation, Asthma
Differential Diagnosis Pulmonary ... flare, Pleural effusion ... Tumor, Pleural effusion ... , Pulmonary Hypertension ... , Intracardiac shunt
CPAP Troubleshooting Tips
1. Wrong size/style mask → try a different mask, nasal pillows
2. Trouble getting used
try a different mask ... tolerating forced air ... noise → check air ... Troubleshooting #Tips #management ... #problems #pulmonary
Oxygen Delivery by Device

Nasal Cannula 
• Indicated for low-flow, low-percentage supplemental oxygen. 
• Flow rate of
Nonrebreather Mask ... entrainment of room air ... Venturi Mask (venti-mask ... Delivery #FiO2 #Pulmonary ... Equipment #Devices #Management
Mask Oxygen Delivery Devices

Simple Mask aka Hudson's Mask:
 • Flow 6-10 LPM
 • FiO2 35-50%
Face Tent:
Mask Oxygen Delivery ... aka Hudson's Mask ... oxygen ambient air ... Delivery #Devices #management ... #pulmonary #criticalcare
Preoperative Risk Evaluation

Major Pre-Op Questions:
1. Does the patient have any modifiable risk factors that could be
specific questions to ask ... murmur 3/6) - Pulmonary ... dependent DM ACS ... days before Pulmonary ... medical and surgical management
Management of Convulsive Status Epilepticus in children
Stabilization Phase (Seizure 0-5 minutes):
 • Check and maintain ABC
Management of Convulsive ... Check and maintain ABC ... (max: 1000 mg) infusion ... by continuous infusion ... Epilepticus #seizure #Management
Noninvasive Ventilation Summary
Positive pressure ventilation that is delivered through a nasal, mask, or helmet interface and
through a nasal, mask ... breathing by improving pulmonary ... patients with air ... #Ventilation #management ... #pulmonary
Sjogren's Syndrome Overview

Epidemiology:
• F > M: 9:1
• 5-6th Decades (can be any age)

Autoimmune exocrinopathy multisystemic disease
Disease: • 10%-15% Pulmonary ... thickening or effusion ... , INC risk PE, Pulmonary ... phenomenon (16%) MSK ... Rheumatology #Diagnosis #Management