10 results
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
abnormalities - Hypercalcemia ... - Hypokalemia ... - Osmotic diuresis ... Diagnosis #Low # ... Magnesium #Table
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift
 • Recovery From DKA
 • Refeeding Syndrome
 • Acute Respiratory
Alkalosis • Hypokalemia ... • Hypomagnesemia ... • Osmotic Diuresis ... Acetazolamide and Thiazide Diuretics ... #endocrinology
Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis
Renal Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Familial:
Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome, Isolated recessive hypomagnesemia,
Differential Diagnosis ... with secondary, hypocalcemia ... pentamidine), Hypercalcemia ... , Diuretic phase ... #low
Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI LOSS - FeMg < 2-2.5% or 24h Urine Mg
Malabsorption RENAL ... > 10g • Loop Diuretics ... • Hypercalcemia-PTH ... • Thiazide Diuretics ... #Magnesium #Low
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
 • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
after starvation, Acute ... Saline or osmotic diuresis ... • Drugs: Loop diuretics ... #Causes #differential ... #magnesium #low
Types of Renal Calculi

Calcium oxalate
 - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
hypercalciuria, Hypercalcemia ... hypercalciuria, Hypercalcemia ... virus or HIV/AIDS, diuretics ... #stones #differential ... #diagnosis #causes
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Diagnosis of ... ; High-Ceiling Diuretics ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... #Medications #Table
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
• LDH ↑ • Hyperkalemia ... • Hypocalcemia ... /Late - Hypercalcemia ... Loop diuretics for ... Dialysis for severe hyperkalemia
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
with thiazide diuretic ... Family history of hypokalemia ... • Unexplained hypokalemia ... Surreptitious diuretic ... pathophysiology #Hypokalemia
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Diagnosis Approach ... classes, including a diuretic ... disorders including hypokalemia ... Vasculitis • Endocrinologic ... Hyperthyroidism, Hypercalcemia