9 results
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Increased extracellular K+:
 • Tissue injury
 • Hemolysis
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 •
- Differential ... • Tumor lysis syndrome ... • Metabolic acidosis ... dietary intake • Blood ... blockers - MCW Nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... - Metabolic acidosis ... • Vegetables: spinach ... potassium #high #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
losses: • High Blood ... • Low/Normal Blood ... - Metabolic acidosis ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... - Metabolic acidosis ... • Vegetables: spinach ... potassium #high #nephrology
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
- Differential ... • Symptoms and signs ... Blockage of the Blood ... MCTD, Sjogren syndrome ... #differential
Horner's Syndrome on Physical Exam

A 75yoF was referred in for facial swelling and eyelid changes 1
both upper and lower ... decompress the spinal ... Bennett & Bloom ... #clinical #video ... #physicalexam #neurology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
Hypertensive emergency, Blood ... transfusion, Hypercalcemia ... Reversible course Differential ... elevated white blood ... BP lowering - Lower
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Hematuria - Differential ... urine • 1ml blood ... hematuria • Signs ... causes #urology #nephrology ... #renal #urine #blood
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
present in the apical ... Normal or low blood ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Renal tubular acidosis ... #diagnosis #nephrology