36 results
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
- Acute and chronic ... Glucocorticoid deficit - Hypokalemia ... Drugs - SIADH Renal ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased kidney function (eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2)
Causes of Chronic ... 3 months Pre-Renal ... • Diabetes • Hypertension ... Hyperoxaluria • Hypercalcemia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
ACEI Antihypertensive Dose Comparison. Consider divided (BID) regimen for better pre-dose (trough) BP control for the
potassium, and renal ... ACEInhibitor #ACEIs #Dosing ... #Conversion #Pharmacology ... #Hypertension # ... PrimaryCare #Comparison #Table
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
hypercalcemia ... - Chronic hypokalemia ... - Various renal ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Clinical Classification of Pulmonary Hypertension

1. Pulmonary arterial hypertension from pulmonary vasculopathy
Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension
Heritable gene mutations
Pulmonary hypertension ... Pulmonary hypertension ... Pulmonary hypertension ... renal failure ... #Differential #Causes
Approach to Possible Hypertensive Emergency

criteria required to diagnose hypertensive emergency
(1) Severe hypertension
 - Usually a MAP
mm is needed to cause ... patients with chronic ... - Pulmonary edema ... proteinuria, or chronic ... renal failure don't
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
GI losses - Chronic ... abnormalities - Hypercalcemia ... - Hypokalemia ... Low #Magnesium #Table ... Classification #Causes
Potassium-Binding Agents to Treat Hyperkalemia
Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma):
 • Mechanism: Preferentially captures K in exchange for
and sodium • Dosing ... binds magnesium • Dosing ... and calcium • Dosing ... #medications #pharmacology ... #table #comparison
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... deficiency, Salt-losing ... : • Acute or chronic ... Hypervolemia, UNa ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
with previously stable ... disorders including hypokalemia ... eg, presence of renal ... Hyperthyroidism, Hypercalcemia ... Renal parenchymal