23 results
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
Glucocorticoid deficit - Hypokalemia ... Drugs - SIADH Renal ... deficit - Salt-losing ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... deficiency, Salt-losing ... hormone secretion Hypervolemia ... failure Hypervolemia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
Etiologies of Hypernatremia ... - Various renal ... diseases (e.g. renal ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
ACEI Antihypertensive Dose Comparison. Consider divided (BID) regimen for better pre-dose (trough) BP control for the
potassium, and renal ... ACEInhibitor #ACEIs #Dosing ... #Conversion #Pharmacology ... #Hypertension # ... PrimaryCare #Comparison #Table
Potassium-Binding Agents to Treat Hyperkalemia
Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma):
 • Mechanism: Preferentially captures K in exchange for
and sodium • Dosing ... binds magnesium • Dosing ... and calcium • Dosing ... #medications #pharmacology ... #table #comparison
Causes of Altered Level of Consciousness GCS < 7 - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Brain Involvement - Hemispheric
Causes of Altered ... - Vascular • Hypertensive ... Excesses • Liver/Renal ... • Hypercalcemia ... deficiency • Hyponatremia
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
with previously stable ... disorders including hypokalemia ... eg, presence of renal ... Hyperthyroidism, Hypercalcemia ... Renal parenchymal
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Torsemide) • Acute pulmonary ... • Hypercalcemia ... Kidney stones caused ... Diuresis #Nephrology #Pharmacology ... #Medications #Table
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis by Mechanism
Decr Blood Pressure (“Decr Effective Circulating Volume”) 
 - Volume depletion
Hyponatremia - Differential ... hemorrhage) - Pulmonary ... Suppressed - Advanced renal ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes #Sodium
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
Causes of Secondary ... Hypertension - ... (correction of hypokalemia ... #Secondary #Hypertension ... Screening #Workup #table