20 results
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
hypernatremia - CHF ... Glucocorticoid deficit - Hypokalemia ... Drugs - SIADH Renal ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Loses - Medications ... - Hypokalemia ... Low #Magnesium #Table ... Classification #Causes ... #Workup #hypomg
Potassium-Binding Agents to Treat Hyperkalemia
Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma):
 • Mechanism: Preferentially captures K in exchange for
and sodium • Dosing ... binds magnesium • Dosing ... and calcium • Dosing ... #medications #pharmacology ... #table #comparison
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Clenching of fist during ... deficiency • Renal ... Medications 2. ... Food - Avoid in CRF ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Etiology: • Medications ... Na delivery): CHF ... reabsorption) Workup ... only if no clear cause ... Elimination (see Table
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Clenching of fist during ... deficiency • Renal ... Medications 2. ... Food - Avoid in CRF ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Hypertension - Workup ... with previously stable ... disorders including hypokalemia ... #Hypertension #Workup ... #Diagnosis #indications
DPP4 Inhibitors - Normal and Renal Dosing

Increase Incretins (GLP-I & GIP) -> Stimulates Insulin, Inhibits Glucagon
Dosing Increase ... DPP4 inhibitors work ... very tolerable medication ... #Dosing #Pharmacology ... #Management #Diabetes
Pharmacologic Options for Hypercalcemia Associated with Cancer
Rehydration with NS followed by loop diuretics
 • IV normal
Pharmacologic Options ... for Hypercalcemia ... Enhances GFR and renal ... #medications #management ... #table
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
irrigation • Management ... Torsemide) • Acute pulmonary ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... Kidney stones caused ... #Medications #Table