11 results
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Ketoacidosis: Diabetic ... oxoproline) • Renal ... failure (acute ... Renal acidosis ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
(Uncontrolled diabetes ... - Metabolic acidosis ... deficiency • Renal ... Medications 2. ... potassium #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Etiology: • Medications ... 15 suggests ↓ renal ... Elimination (see Table ... STOP offending medications ... #potassium #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
(Uncontrolled diabetes ... - Metabolic acidosis ... deficiency • Renal ... Medications 2. ... potassium #high #nephrology
Pharmacotherapy for Migraine Prophylaxis 

Who is indicated for migraine prophylaxis? Patients who experience more than 3
despite appropriate acute ... treatment, or those ... #Prophylaxis #Medications ... #Table #Pharmacology ... #Management #Neurology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Pharmacology # ... Medications #Table
Metformin: Biguanide
Metformin is the first-line medication for treatment of type 2 diabetes. It is very effective
the first-line medication ... for treatment of ... attention to patients renal ... function since lactic acidosis ... #Metformin #Pharmacology
Pharmacologic Options for Hypercalcemia Associated with Cancer
Rehydration with NS followed by loop diuretics
 • IV normal
Pharmacologic Options ... for Hypercalcemia ... Enhances GFR and renal ... #drugs #treatment ... table
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
plasma insulin (treatment ... of diabetic ketoacidosis ... tubular acidosis ... Hypomagnesemia, Acute ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
before beginning treatment ... cardiac output - Acute ... peritonitis - Acute ... • Type B1: - Diabetes ... - HIV/HAART medications