37 results
Drop Arm Test - Supraspinatus Tear

The drop arm test evaluates for a supraspinatus muscle tear.
Passively adduct
Supraspinatus Tear ... supraspinatus muscle tear ... to 90 degrees, flex ... Supraspinatus #Tear ... clinical #video #sports
Upper Versus Lower Motor Neuron Findings

Denervation near the target muscle fibers (lower motor neuron disease) results
Denervation near ... limb of spinal reflexes ... , resulting in hyporeflexia
 The following #reflexes are routinely tested, and the response elicited is graded from zero to
The following #reflexes ... each deep tendon reflex ... examiner's hand that supports ... reflection of hyperreflexia ... be displaying hyperreflexia
Low Ankle Sprain: Pathomechanics and Clinical Findings

Grading Ligament Sprains
l: Minimal ligament disruption, mild swelling & tenderness,
II: Incomplete tear ... Ill: Complete tear ... LowAnkleSprain #Sports ... Grades #Diagnosis #pathophysiology
The Neurological Evaluation of a Comatose Patient

Definition:
 • Coma: a state of unresponsiveness; the absence of
• Mutism Pathophysiology ... • Corneal reflex ... • Gag reflex ... • Cough reflex ... If ok with ICU team
Ear Pain (Otalgia) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Primary Otalgia 
 - Pain that originates from the ear
Ear Pain (Otalgia ... Cranial nerve IX can refer ... Gastroesophageal reflux ... gastroesophageal reflux ... vision or black spots
Xeropthalmia: Pathogenesis and Ocular Manifestations

Decr Visual pigment -> Keratinization, thickening & non-wetting of the conjunctiva
mucins with reduced tear ... conjunctiva) • Bitot's spots ... #Xeropthalmia #pathophysiology
Upper Urinary Tract infection (UUTI): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Predisposing Factors:
 - Immunocompromised, Diabetes,
 - Elderly, Female
Elderly, Female (short ... bladder, urinary reflux ... UrinaryTractInfection #UUTI #Pathophysiology
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
diffuse light reflex ... -> Cotton-wool Spots ... -> Elschnig's Spots ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology
Hyperopia: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Axial length of eye -> Short axial length of the
length of eye -> Short ... distant vision • Near ... retina -> Blurry near ... #Hyperopia #pathophysiology