1380 results
Shock and Vasoactive Drugs 
1) Determine type and etiology of shock
 • Distributive: Sepsis, Anaphylaxis, Neurogenic
Arrhythmias / CHB • Hypovolemic ... vasoactive drug pharmacology ... Vasoactive #Drugs #pharmacology ... #inopressors #diagnosis ... #management #comparison
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... irrigation • Management ... Cardiac arrest • Hypovolemic ... • Treatment of hypervolemic ... Diuresis #Nephrology #Pharmacology
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
, Differential Diagnosis ... Volume Status Hypervolemic ... SIADH Renal hypovolemic ... nephropathy Extrarenal hypovolemic ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
- Differential Diagnosis ... Hypernatremia: • Hypovolemic ... access to H2O • Hypervolemic ... Hypernatremia: • Hypovolemic ... #Differential #Diagnosis
True Hyponatremia Differential Algorithm

Instead (or in addition) of volume status examination, check urine sodium and serum
uric acid high in hypovolemic ... and hypervolemic ... Differential #Algorithm #Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Hyponatremia:
1) Identification of onset (acute vs. chronic)
2) Presence of symptoms (HA,
Differential Diagnosis ... drug history #Diagnosis ... #Hyponatremia #Hypovolemic ... #Euvolemic #Hypervolemic
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
- Differential Diagnosis ... Dependent: • Hypovolemic ... • Hypervolemic ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Summary Table of how the 4 types of shock affect the circulatory system: 
 - Hypovolemic
circulatory system: - Hypovolemic ... Obstructive #Diagnosis ... #Management #Types ... Comparison #Table #Hypovolemic
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... HYPOVOLEMIC • ... psychogenic polydipsia HYPERVOLEMIC ... Hypernatremia #Diagnosis
Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) Diagnosis and Management
 • Distal (type 1) RTA
 • Proximal (type 2)
Acidosis (RTA) Diagnosis ... and Management ... type 2) RTA • Hyperkalemic ... Tubular #Acidosis #Diagnosis ... #Management #nephrology