185 results
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
Volume Status Hypervolemic ... hypernatremia ... SIADH Renal hypovolemic ... hyponatremia ... nephropathy Extrarenal hypovolemic
True Hyponatremia Differential Algorithm

Instead (or in addition) of volume status examination, check urine sodium and serum
True Hyponatremia ... uric acid high in hypovolemic ... and hypervolemic ... hyponatremia ... low in euvolemic hyponatremia
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Hypernatremia - ... Extrarenal Hypernatremia ... : • Hypovolemic ... access to H2O • Hypervolemic ... : • Hypovolemic
Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status
 - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
Volume Status - Hypervolemic ... hypernatremia - ... Hypodipsia - Renal hypovolemic ... hypernatremia - ... - Extrarenal hypovolemic
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... mmol/L - true hyponatremia ... HYPOVOLEMIC • ... psychogenic polydipsia HYPERVOLEMIC ... renal failure #Hypernatremia
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Hyponatremia:
1) Identification of onset (acute vs. chronic)
2) Presence of symptoms (HA,
Evaluation of Hyponatremia ... EM #IM #Nephro #Hyponatremia ... #Hypovolemic #Euvolemic ... #Hypervolemic #
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Dependent: • Hypovolemic ... • Hypervolemic ... thecurbsiders #Hyponatremia
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
Based Approach to Hyponatremia ... Hypovolemic, Serum ... Primary polydipsia Hypervolemic ... SatyaPatelMD #Volume #Hyponatremia
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemic - Give volume
Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemic ... - Give volume Hypervolemic ... UnremarkableLab #Hyponatremia
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... hormone secretion Hypervolemia ... renal failure Hypervolemia ... Cardiac failure #Hyponatremia