31 results
Congestive Heart Failure - Causes, Pathophysiology and Differential Diagnosis
 • Dilated Cardiomyopathy 
 • Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Heart Failure - Causes ... , Pathophysiology ... • Other HFpEF Causes ... #Pathophysiology ... Differential #Diagnosis #cardiology
Diabetes – diabetic nephropathy
Majority of the literature in the area is applied to the diabetic nephropathy
- Chronic hyperglycemia ... be the primary cause ... hyperfiltration - Hyperglycemia ... - Cytokines #Pathophysiology
Arrhythmias - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
May present as: palpitations, dizziness, syncope, chest discomfort
Cardiac Causes:
 - Structural
discomfort Cardiac Causes ... ) Non-Cardiac Causes ... Metabolic: • Hypoglycemia ... #Arrhythmias #Cardiology ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Tree in Bud Sign
The Tree-in-Bud sign represents Endobronchial spread in a linear branching pattern and centrilobular
It is caused by ... actually seen in all causes ... pneumonia, congenital causes ... diagnosis #clinical #radiology ... #ChestCT #pathophysiology
Pulse Abnormalities - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unequal/DeIayed:
 • Obstructive arterial disease (ie. Atherosclerosis)
 • Aortic dissection
 •
Anemia, hypoglycemia ... Abnormalities #Disorders #Cardiology ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
High Output Heart Failure - Pathophysiology and Differential Diagnosis
Obesity - Systemic Vasodilation, Vasoactive Adipokines
Arteriovenous Fistula -
Heart Failure - Pathophysiology ... HeartFailure #CHF #Pathophysiology ... Differential #Diagnosis #cardiology ... #causes
Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy (AFLP)
Pathophysiology:
 • Defect in fetal free fatty acid metabolism products →
Pregnancy (AFLP) Pathophysiology ... = nonspecific (nausea ... ascites, jaundice, hypoglycemia ... diagnosis #management #pathophysiology
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Heart Failure Pathophysiology ... → Inflammation causes ... endpoint of all-cause ... diagnosis #management #cardiology
Syncope - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Neurocardiogenic:
 • Vasovagal
 • Orthostatic Hypotension
 • Autonomic Neuropathy
 • Situational (micturition,
Hypercapnia Other: • Hypoglycemia ... Syndrome #Syncope #Cardiology ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Torsades de Pointes (TdP): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia initiated by PVC in the setting
TdP #Diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #cardiology #causes