22 results
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... Genetic disorders (e.g ... Jansen disease #Hypercalcemia ... #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
Adrenal Insufficiency Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical suspicion: Weakness, fatigue, nausea, musculoskeletal pain, dizziness, volume depletion, abdominal pain,
Adrenal Insufficiency ... Weakness, fatigue, nausea ... hyponatremia, hyperkalemia ... ACTH - Primary adrenal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology
Trousseau's Sign of Hypocalcemia on Physical Exam

Carpopedal spasm caused by ischemia induced by an inflated blood
of Hypocalcemia ... Carpopedal spasm caused ... #PhysicalExam # ... Hypocalcemia #clinical ... #video #endocrinology
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
cisplatin) - Chronic hypercalcemia ... - Chronic hypokalemia ... - Various renal ... renal amyloidosis ... Diagnosis #Table #Causes
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (21-OHD): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Autosomal recessive mutation in CYP21A2 coding for the enzyme 21-OHase
enzyme 21-OHase causes ... wasting crisis & hyperkalemia ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... : • Hyperkalemia ... pathophysiology #genetics #endocrinology
The Chvostek sign (/ˈkvɒstɪk/) is a clinical sign of existing nerve hyperexcitability (tetany) seen in hypocalcemia.It
lips) because of hypocalcemia ... classically described in hypocalcemia ... #Hypocalcemia # ... PhysicalExam #Video ... #Clinical #endocrinology
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS 
OF ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY. 

Primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency:
 - Tiredness, weakness, mental depression
MANIFESTATIONS OF ADRENAL ... and secondary adrenal ... hypotension - Nausea ... Hyperpigmentation - Hyperkalemia ... Insufficiency #Signs
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
hypertension and signs ... disorders including hypokalemia ... bruit or signs ... Vasculitis • Endocrinologic ... Hyperthyroidism, Hypercalcemia
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... only if no clear cause ... emcrit.org/ibcc/hyperkalemia ... management of hyperkalemia ... #Hyperkalemia
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus

Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus:
 - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
Acquired - Primary renal ... uropathy, Metabolic causes ... (e.g., hypokalemia ... , hypercalcemia) ... disease, Drugs (e.g