23 results
High Output Heart Failure - Pathophysiology and Differential Diagnosis
Obesity - Systemic Vasodilation, Vasoactive Adipokines
Arteriovenous Fistula -
High Output Heart ... and Differential ... AV Shunts Wet Beriberi ... Hematopoiesis Hyperthyroidism ... #causes
Secondary Causes of Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertension - BP > 140/90 (>130/80 for DM)
Hypertensive urgency
- Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... : • Hyperthyroidism ... HTN #Secondary #Nephrology ... #Differential #
Causes of Wide Pulse Pressure - Differential Diagnosis
Physiologic:
 • Advanced age-arteriosclerosis (less compliant arteries)
 • Well
Causes of Wide Pulse ... Hyperdynamic circulation/High ... failure: - Hyperthyroidism ... Thyrotoxicosis - Wet Beriberi ... #Diagnosis #causes
Laboratory Evaluation of Patients for Thyroid Disease 
Hyperthyroidism:
 • Graves disease - TSH low; free T4
Thyroid Disease Hyperthyroidism ... ; in some cases, ... disease course #hypothyroid ... #hyperthyroid # ... differential #diagnosis
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Workup and Differential ... Diagnosis Approach ... heart failure, neurologic ... Neurologic disorders ... #Differential #
Widened Pulse Pressure - Differential Diagnosis and Pathophysiology

Pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic blood
Diagnosis and Pathophysiology ... Hyperdynamic circulation/High ... Thyrotoxicosis - Wet Beriberi ... PP and systolic hypertension ... #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Causes of Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... #Differential # ... #Causes
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Treat with a high ... • Euvolemic - Hypothyroidism ... #causes #nephrology
Tinnitus - Objective (can be heard/auscultated) - 10% - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Vascular - Arterial:
 • Atherosclerosis
auscultated) - 10% - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... • AV Shunt • High ... Glomus Jugulare • Hyperthyroidism ... #Causes
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hypertensive: ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #nephrology #causes